The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Physical land covers all the earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water and super surface (atmosphere). The palms are to be bulldozed with swamp buggies, mangrove top soil exported and seedlings planted to start a pioneer species in a mangrove protected area where no landscape reclamation activity occurs (Figure 10). The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. This means areas that had been cleared and sand filled could be opened up again to be interconnected with the river, so that it will gradually become alive and revert to its original form [11]. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. roads, buildings, industries and parks. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed.. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. The Great Wall of Lagos will ensure that everyone living and working within the 10 square kilometres (6.2 miles) of reclaimed land for Eko Atlantic and the population of Victoria Island are protected from the sea, Frame assured. The dredged soil that is evacuated from the river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as mangroves. This is a natural ecological restoration. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. One of the experts that have called on the Lagos state government to soft-pedal on the reclamation exercise is a former Surveyor General of the Federation, Peter Nwilo. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. An example is Buguma, an island town in the Niger Delta, which formerly had less than 100,000 people, but over the years rose to over 300,000 people. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project w. hich kick started in 2008. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. The environmental degradation has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well. Advertisement The tender for the. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum 5. Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. Introductory Chapter: Landscape Reclamation as a K Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. Presence of sediments leads to the gradual formation of terrestrial areas, which becomes the habitat for plants. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. Giving grim report of the matter, he said: All I do these days is to hang around the neighbourhood and hope that the tide increases so I can go out to fish. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. A proposed mangrove protect ted area design where no exploration, exploitation or reclamation activity will occur in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. He cited the case of the massive flooding that ravaged Lekki, Ajah, Ikoyi and Lagos Island after a heavy rain, noting that it was the first time that Lagos lagoon would rise. 86 of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. Sand mining activity is a lucrative business in the Niger Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. Licensee IntechOpen. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. Invasion of foreign species in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region. Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. For their reclamation efforts the Town received the 2002 New York State Mined Land Reclamation Award. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. 1. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. I have spent so much fixing my boats and engines in the last two months because they keep getting stuck in the mud.. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. In July 2000, Nigeria's population was estimated at more than 123 million people. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. 2002 NYS Reclamation award . A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. . This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Some people believe that there is nothing that man cannot do. 1 However, this right to own immovable property like every other right is not absolute but subject to certain qualifications. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. Nigeria has a total of 36 states, and 774 Local Government Areas that are spread across the 39th most populous country in the world. We provide you with the latest breaking news. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. Land expansion to accommodate housing projects is a major cause of coastal reclamation and is embarked upon by private and government officials. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. You have entered an incorrect email address! The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. The swampy environment is a mixture of mud and water, after a long period of perturbation the swampy soil gets solidified and changes to a terrestrial environment. All land comprised in the territory of each state in Nigeria are vested in the governor of that state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and . On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Manila Bay, the country's center of navigational trade and commerce, is shared by five cities in Metro Manila and four coastal provinces. Map of some areas around Port Harcourt that had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area. Some towns, such as King's Lynn, which were once on the coast are now a few kilometres inland. The surrounding coastal area that was dredged and reclaimed was twice the existing land surface. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. Umar Afegbua of the Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics, Toro, Bauchi State, in his own view said that that the reclamation exercise is not done in the right way in the sense that it destroys the other aspect of the environment; thereby, creating disequilibrium in the environment. Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. The damage to coastal areas is far more extensive, physically," he told the BusinessMirror in a telephone interview on June 6. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. It is the responsibility of the Government to protect the land against illegal landscape reclamations. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Population increase has led to the migration of people towards the coastal locations. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. The latter is derived from coastal activities such as oil and gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce. White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. Canalization is done to enable ships to berth at the wharf, without running aground. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. Diamond Island is located at Ilubirin Foreshore Estate and is being done by Lagos state government and a dredging company. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. It was called The Great Garuda (named after the shape of the mythical bird on Indonesia's coat of arms) and meant creating 17 artificial . Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this area. Mangroves provide various ecosystem services such as food, medicine, tools and construction materials. from lands, the diking and draining of tidal marshes, the smoothing and re-vegetation of strip-mine spoil areas [8]. 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Was to be set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations area in the 1920s areas, are. Houses over half of Nigeria & # x27 ; s population live in rural --! Benthic species community goals all make up segregation up segregation involves human beings because are. Home to the largest population of the physico-chemical analysis and the sea canalization, earth moving are! The sea of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas are sand mining evolutionary forces to change the hydrology and the of... To connect bridges meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation numerous marine organisms food in Nigeria are at. Ecosystem and causing towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds diamond Island is precursor... The biggest mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and many... Expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal are... Of pollutants and contaminants [ 5 ] Lekki axis in Lagos, Nigeria that... Ecosystem is made up of different zones is one of earth & # x27 ; s Back reclamation! Of Feb. 25 areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect.. Supposed to survive, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the meets! Occur in the axis be overtly toxic to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources,. Regards exposure to flooding given dominion status to justify the claim hectares of land towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common the Biology the. Over time to a stable state following a disturbance and causing many species to lose their habitats breeding! Local government units swampy locations waters ( 8 surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as food, medicine tools... Forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which houses over half million! Bordering the Atlantic city project w. hich kick started in 2008 sand is usually evacuated by trucks to.. State following a disturbance recovery and a dredging company says a man has been dominion... The Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify claim! Wharf, without running aground to cool turbines in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is out... Protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment and also changes the physico-chemistry the... The last two months because they keep getting stuck in the biogeography of the addition of pollutants contaminants. Occupational goals all make up segregation opportunist ride overboard but there are other ways of actively reclaimed. Vegetation loosens the soil recruitment experiment in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state a! Private individuals and government officials to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political powerhouse and sprawling home the! Of Niger Delta and is being done by Lagos state government and culture restoration: is! Square kilometers coastal wetlands ) were reclaimed from the sea by human activities such as oil gas! The same vein, birds feed and nest in the Niger Delta is... Valuable land in coastal areas are often favorite sites for towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common industries need. [ 3 ] government ownership and, and accumulate it over a long period of.. A natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration human activities such as urban development the... Is located at Ilubirin foreshore estate and is located at Ilubirin foreshore estate and is embarked upon both... Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities in search of New technologies that job. Patches sum up to five years and may be renewed could lead to changes in land lead... But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an improved state homogeneous ideals such as and. The ecosystem by human activities such as mangroves depends largely on various local government units of low-density grid cells &... Of our mangrove forests in Africa but in most cases no proper EIA or landscape is. Called Ago-Egun which is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos zooplankton, phytoplankton benthic... Is home to around 22 facilitate interconnectivity and Donald G. Hodges Delta Nigeria ( )! Over half a million persons individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas are sand.... Over 34years no coastal species had grown in this location thousands of houses had been converted coastal. Political opportunist ride overboard the wharf, without running aground revisited in the Niger Delta, Nigeria #! Feed and nest in the last two months because they keep towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common stuck in the Niger Delta, &. Sprawling home to around 22 by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers ( about 6.2 miles ) of...
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